With the rapid development of Geographic Information Science，it is possible to predict the possibility and danger degree of ecological risk. Based on the extraction of natural factors and land use types affecting soil and water loss from remote sensing information data sources，combined with the main socio-economic factors identified by partial least squares regression analysis，this study established the soil and water loss risk assessment index system by analytic hierarchy process，and spatial analysis on the risk level of soil and water loss based on ArcGIS was carried out. The results indicated that the risk grade of soil and water loss in the southern Jiangxi region exhibited an increasing trend from southwest to northeast. The proportions of no-risk areas，low-risk areas，medium risk areas，high-risk areas，and extremely high-risk areas were 13.66%，27.64%，28.80% ，22.50% and 7.40% respectively. The extremely high-risk areas were the most concentrated，primarily located in Ningdu County，accounting for 66.91%.The findings of this study can provide methodological references and data support for regional soil erosion risk assessment，spatial layout of key soil and water conservation projects，and the design of national spatial development patterns.