The Tarim River Basin is the lifeline and mother river of southern Xinjiang.However，frequent floods in the basin pose significant threats to flood control targets.In this paper，the Tarim River Basin was taken as the research subject.The causes of flooding from three aspects，including river runoff，engineering measures，and non-engineering measures，were analyzed.The flood causes and flood dispatching processes for the typical flood in 2022 were examined，and relevant lessons were summarized.Finally，recommendations were made regarding the current inadequacy of flood control in the basin.The findings have important guiding significance for improving the flood control capacity of the basin and protecting the safety of downstream flood control targets.