This study aims to assess the health status of the Poyang lake’s wetland ecosystem. The DPSIR（Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses）model was used to construct an indicator system，and the data from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed comparatively. The results showed that the comprehensive health value of the Poyang lake's wetland ecosystem fluctuated between 4.720 and 6.556 during this period，which was in healthy state in 2012 and 2016，and in sub-healthy state in the other years. In 2018，the comprehensive health value was the lowest，mainly due to the low health values of the driving force and state factors. Among the driving force factors，the highest health value was in 2012，and the lowest was in 2018；the overall health value of the pressure factors was declining，mainly due to the increase of sewage discharge and the lowest ecological water level；the highest health value of the state factors was in 2016，and the lowest was in 2018；the highest health values of the impact factors were in 2020 and 2021，and the lowest was in 2010；the health value trend of the response factors was improving，especially reaching the highest value in 2021. Overall，the health status of the Poyang lake's wetland ecosystem is generally stable，but there are still some problems and challenges in driving forces，pressure，status，impact，and response factors. In the future，wetland management strategies should focus on improving the resilience and adaptability of the wetland ecosystem，balancing the relationship between human activities and wetland protection，and strengthening sewage treatment and ecological water level management.