At present，under the background of high-quality development of soil and water conservation in China，the role of ecological environment monitoring is becoming more and more important in soil and water conservation in China.Monitoring data needs to meet the growing demands of ecological scientific research，environmental governance，ecological environmental protection，and effective use of data. In this paper，the multi-scale monitoring studies on various major environmental factors in domestic and foreign literatures are reviewed，and the monitoring indicators of relevant ecological factors related to soil and water conservation are discussed from slope，small watershed and regional scales，in order to serve for the ecological monitoring of soil and water conservation.