The effects of different erosion degrees on soil quality and crop growth were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the relationship between soil erosion processes and soil functions.The tested soil was obtained from removing different levels below the surface layer to simulate no obvious erosion,mild erosion,moderate erosion and strong erosion.Meanwhile,the effects of different levels of erosion on the physical,chemical and biological properties of the soil and on the growth and yield of peanuts were analysed.The results showed that soil erosion thickness had a significant influence on many important indicators of soil quality.With the increase of the erosion degree,the soil bulk density increased,the total porosity and the water-stable aggregates (WSA) over 0.5 mm decreased;nutrient contents of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually with the increasing erosion intensity;total microbial taxa decreased and soil enzyme activities decreased;soil quality index (SQI) decreased significantly with the increasing erosion,in which the difference between the SQI of the no-significant-erosion and that of the other erosion levels was significant (P＜0.05);peanut yields and biomass under the no-significant-erosion class were significantly higher than that of the other erosion treatments (P＜0.05).The degree of soil erosion significantly affected the physical,chemical and biological properties of soil and crop yield,and the SQI can characterize the comprehensive quality of soil and the level of land productivity under the influence of soil erosion.