Plastic is the most common material in production and life, and its waste can be decomposed into microplastics under the action of physics, chemistry and biology. As one of the new pollutants, microplastics are not easy to be degraded and can be transported for a long distance to enter the human body through the food chain, harming the human immune system and digestive system, and posing a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. The sampling, pretreatment and detection of the samples that may be contaminated by microplastics are the necessary steps in the scientific research of microplastics. According to the characteristics of different detection methods, the corresponding sampling, pre-processing and detection equipment and the key conditions for the installation of these core equipment are proposed in this paper to help the construction of microplastics testing laboratory．