As an important part of promoting government′s ecological management ability and system modernization, the target responsibility evaluation of regional soil and water conservation was carried out by governments at all levels, and linked with target evaluation of national ecological civilization and evaluation system of economic and social development. Centered on the current relevant domestic research on target responsibility of regional soil and water conservation, relevant evaluations of ecological civilization construction, the establishment of target responsibility evaluation system of soil and water conservation，and the target responsibility evaluation indicators and methods were studied in this research with the aim of providing a corresponding reference for how soil and water conservation work serves the ecological civilization construction in the new era and implements the new development concept thoroughly.