Suichuan is a typical mountainous county,where the rural water supply projects have the characteristics of“large quantity,wide coverage and small scale”,forming a diversified and decentralized project management mechanism.From 2019,Suichuan took the opportunity of comprehensively implementing the integration of urban and rural water supply to promote the reform of the management and protection mechanism of rural water supply projects.Through the establishment of wholly state-owned township water companies based on villages and towns,the implementation of enterprise unified management of township wide rural water supply projects,the introduction of the market mechanism of water charges,and the joint efforts of the market and the government,the problems of the management mechanism of the existing rural water supply projects have been better solved.This paper aims to explore the internal logic of Suichuan reforms on rural water supply project operation management in economics,and to explore the concrete application of Xi Jinping's water management idea of“Two-hand Power”in the rural water supply project.