The tailing of South Jiangxi rare earth mine will cause serious soil erosion.This paper explores the method of rapid estimation of soil erosion by UAV low altitude aerial survey，and provides a new idea for estimating soil erosion intensity of regional rare earth tailings.The runoff plot image and control point coordinates were obtained by UAV and total station respectively，and the high-precision DEM was produced by software Photoscan，and the erosion volume change in different periods of time and the amount of soil erosion in the study area was quickly estimated was obtained by ArcGIS.The results show that the accuracy of DEM generated by UAV low altitude telemetry is 1.24cm；there are 5 erosion gullies in the runoff plot， and the total soil erosion volume is 4.63m3and the soil erosion amount is 6.34t，which belongs to severe erosion；after 2016，the erosion gully tends to be stable and the annual erosion is small.UAV telemetry can be used for dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss of rare earth tailings and estimation of soil erosion model.