Based on the soil parameters of saline alkali land in Xinjiang，a model of soil water and salt transport was established to study the influence of groundwater salinity and atmospheric evaporation capacity on the distribution and transport of soil salt under the condition of phreatic evaporation，so as to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and control of soil salinization.Results on the surface of soil profile，the salt content of soil above 20cm increased rapidly，while the salt content of soil below 20cm increased slowly；the accumulated salt content of soil in 0-20cm was 1.27～2.75 times of that in 20-50cm，and it was positively correlated with the accumulated evaporation.In the 0-20cm soil layer，the cumulative salt content of soil is greatly affected by the salinity of phreatic water and the atmospheric evaporation capacity；in the 20-50cm soil layer，the cumulative salt content of soil is greatly affected by the salinity of phreatic water.When the root system is shallower in the seedling stage of crops，the influence of atmospheric evaporation capacity and high salinity of phreatic water on it should be controlled as much as possible.In the growth stage and later stage of crops，the potential water level with high salinity should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the influence of salt on the root system of crops.