Based on 418 water samples collected from 107 precipitation monitoring stations of Jiangxi hydrologic Bureau in 2019，combined with the surface water quality monitoring data of 388 rivers，the temporal and spatial variation of chemical speciality of precipitation which from precipitation pH value，conductivity，ion concentration and its time variation trend，precipitation pollution type，etc.The results show that：the type of precipitation in Jiangxi province is sulfuric acid and nitric acid mixed pollution；the concentration of major ions changed significantly with season beside NO2the concentration of all ions increased in the fourth quarter which reaching the highest point of the year，pH value，conductivity，and ion concentration have certain relation with precipitation.Through atmospheric precipitation and surface water quality comparative analysis，there is no obvious correlation between the precipitation content of each ion and the surface water content，which indicates that meteoric precipitation has no obvious influence on surface water environment.