Numerous layers caused by the construction process of layer by layer compaction in the roller compacted concrete dams(RCCD)are the weak links of RCCD，which determines that the structural properties of RCCD are complicated than concrete dams.Aanlyzing the operational behavior of the dam structures based on dam prototype observation data is an important technological means to guarantee the safety operation and service life of RCCD.The scientific achievements about the current studies on the service behavior safety monitoring theories and methods of RCCD are discussed by summarizing the existing research results about structural mechanical behavior in macroscopic and microscopic scales，seepage coupling model and displacement monitoring model of RCCD.Based on the structural characteristics of RCC dam，the deficiency of the current studies and the research areas that need development and improvement are discussed，which can help to further deepen the safety monitoring theory of RCCD and to provide theoretical basis and technical support to guarantee the safety operation and healthy service of RCCD.