With the rapid development of Jinggangshan tourism，the ecological and environmental problems are increasing.Through the investigation of the three main river systems in the Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve，some water pollution problems have been found in the study of the surface water on Xingzhou River，Xiangzhou River and Nashan River.This paper analyzes the main reasons that affect the river water quality of nature reserves：the planning on functional area in the reserve was unreasonable，scenic living pollution and tourism development intensified.Meanwhile，combined with the reality，focus on innovative nature reserves and local economic development model，coordination of environmental protection and economic development，and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to the protection and management of its water environment.