A system of indices is tentatively put forwarded to measure important drinking water safety guarantee in China by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).After two rounds of questionnaire，much revision has been made to the tentative index system.Further testing through factor analysis finally brings into being the index system of important river-type drinking water safety guarantee in China，which covers such aspects of water quantity guarantee，water quality guarantee，monitoring guarantee and management guarantee.The index system consists of four first-level indices，twenty-four second-level indices.It has important value for river-type drinking water source safety guarantee construction.