Jiangxi Province is located in the central region of the red soil region, the soil erosion is dominated by water erosion. In this paper, the present situation, dynamic trends and characteristics of the water erosion in Jiangxi Province were analyzed, and the countermeasures of ecological civilization of soil and water conservation were discussed. In the last part of the paper, some suggestionswere provided. The soil and water conservation in Jiangxi Province should be leaded by the ecological civilization strategic thought, around one center, implement two concepts,construct three systems, promote five strength.