The evolution of hydraulic concrete structure in comprehensive effect of environmental erosion, material aging and physical mechanical properties change, overload incidents and other factors will inevitably lead to structural damage, directly affects the working state, and cause the decline of structural strength, stability and durability and other important safety performance indicators, reduce the ability to resist natural disasters the ability to influence the normal operation, even structural damage. Therefore, within environment effects determined by designing, actual operation conditions and the provisions of maintenance conditions, detecting, analyzing and evaluating are presented inevitable for corrosion status of existing concrete structures, serviceability and structural safety in reasonable using life are appraised, and remaining using life is calculated. Corrosion of hydraulic concrete structure detection basic procedures and requirements, detection and assessment methods and contents, corrosion residual life evaluation method are introduced in the paper, and detection and evaluation for the corrosion of hydraulic concrete structure is provided for similar engineering.