潜水蒸发条件下土壤盐分运移模拟研究

以新疆盐碱地土壤参数为基础，利用HYDRUS-1D建立土壤盐分运移模型，通过设定不同大气蒸发能力（5mm，10mm）与潜水矿化度（5g/L，15g/L，25g/L）的试验组合，研究潜水蒸发条件下潜水矿化度与大气蒸发能力对土壤盐分空间分布和运移的影响，以期为土壤盐碱化预防及治理提供理论参考.结果表明，20cm以上表层土壤含盐量增速较快，20cm以下土壤含盐量增速较慢；0～20cm土层土壤累积含盐量是20～50cm土层的1.27～2.75倍，且均与累积蒸发量呈中度及以上正相关。0～20cm土层内，土壤累积含盐量受潜水矿化度与大气蒸发能力影响较大；20～50cm土层内，土壤累积含盐量受潜水矿化度影响较大.在作物幼苗期根系较浅时，应尽可能控制大气蒸发能力和高潜水矿化度对其的影响，在作物生长期及其后期，应尽可能降低高矿化度的潜水位，减少其对作物根系的盐渍影响.

英文摘要:

Based on the soil parameters of saline alkali land in Xinjiang，a model of soil water and salt transport was established to study the influence of groundwater salinity and atmospheric evaporation capacity on the distribution and transport of soil salt under the condition of phreatic evaporation，so as to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and control of soil salinization.Results on the surface of soil profile，the salt content of soil above 20cm increased rapidly，while the salt content of soil below 20cm increased slowly；the accumulated salt content of soil in 0-20cm was 1.27～2.75 times of that in 20-50cm，and it was positively correlated with the accumulated evaporation.In the 0-20cm soil layer，the cumulative salt content of soil is greatly affected by the salinity of phreatic water and the atmospheric evaporation capacity；in the 20-50cm soil layer，the cumulative salt content of soil is greatly affected by the salinity of phreatic water.When the root system is shallower in the seedling stage of crops，the influence of atmospheric evaporation capacity and high salinity of phreatic water on it should be controlled as much as possible.In the growth stage and later stage of crops，the potential water level with high salinity should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the influence of salt on the root system of crops.

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